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ML33111-5P Datasheet(PDF) 8 Page - LANSDALE Semiconductor Inc. |
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ML33111-5P Datasheet(HTML) 8 Page - LANSDALE Semiconductor Inc. |
8 / 12 page www.lansdale.com Page 8 of 12 Issue A LANSDALE Semiconductor, Inc. ML33111 Introduction The ML33111 compander (COMpressor and exPANDER) is composed of two variable gain circuits which provide compression and expansion of a signal’s dynamic range. The compressor will take a signal with a 60 dB dynamic range (1.0 mV to 1.0 Vrms), and reduce that to a 30 dB dynamic range (10 mV to 316 mV) by attenuating strong signals, while amplifying low level signals. The expander does the opposite in that the 30 dB signal range is increased to a dynamic range of 60 dB by amplifying strong signals and attenuating low level signals. The 0 dB level is internally set at 100 mVrms — that is the signal level which is neither amplified nor attenuated. Both circuits contain the necessary precision full wave rectifier, variable gain cell, and tempera- ture compensated references required for accurate and stable performance. Both the compressor and expander can be muted independ- ently by the use of Pins 4 and 12, respectively. A minimum of 55 dB of muting is guaranteed for the compressor, and 60 dB for the expander. A passthrough function (Pin 8) is pro- vided which sets both sections to unity gain, regardless of input level. Two uncommitted op amps are provided which can be used for perpherial functions. Each is internally biased at Vb (≈ +1.5 V), and has a bandwidth of ≈300 kHz. NOTE: All dB values mentioned in this data sheet, unless otherwise noted, are referenced to 100 mVrms. Compressor The compressor is a noninverting amplifier with a fixed input resistor and a variable gain cell in its feedback path as shown in Figure 15. The amplifier output is sampled by the precision rectifier which, in turn, supplies a DC signal (ICONTROL), repre- sentative of the rectifier’s AC signal, to the variable gain cell. The reference current (IREF) is an internally generated precision current. The effective impedance of the variable gain cell varies with the ratio of the two currents, and decreases as ICONTROL increases, thereby providing com- pression. The output is related to the input by the following equation (Vin and Vout are rms volts): The input and output are internally biased at Vb (≈ +1.5 V), and must therefore be capacitor coupled to external circuitry. Pin 3 input impedance is nominally 10 kΩ (±20%), and the maximum functional input signal is listed in the Recommended Operating Conditions table. Bias currents required by the op amp and the variable gain cell are inter- nally supplied. Due to clamp diodes at the input (to VCC and ground), the input signal must be maintained between the supply rails. If the input signal goes more than 0.5 V above VCC or below ground, excessive currents will flow, and dis- tortion will show up at the output and possibly in other parts of the circuit. When AC signals are not present at the input, the variable gain cell will attempt to set a very high gain to comply with Equation 2. An internal clamp limits the maximum gain to ≈26 dB to prevent instabilities. The output of the rectifier is filtered by the capacitor at Pin 5, which, in conjunction with an internal 20 k resistor, pro- vides the time constant for the attack and decay times.The attack and decay times listed in the Electrical Characteristics were determined using the test procedure defined in EIA-553. Figure 9 indicates how the times vary with the capacitor value. If the attack and decay times are decreased using a smaller capacitor, performance at low frequencies will degrade. (1) In terms of dB levels, the relationship is: Vo(dB) = 0.5 x Vi(dB) (2) where 0 dB = 100 mVrms (See Figures 3 and 4). Vout 0.3162 x Vin 40 k Output 2 7.5 k ∆ Gain Rectifier ICONTROL Iref 5 Vb 10 k VCC 3 Input 1.0 µF Figure 15. Compressor FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION |
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