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TPA032D01 Datasheet(PDF) 12 Page - Texas Instruments |
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TPA032D01 Datasheet(HTML) 12 Page - Texas Instruments |
12 / 25 page TPA032D01 10W MONO CLASSD AUDIO POWER AMPLIFIER SLOS282B − DECEMBER 1999 − REVISED JUNE 2000 12 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 APPLICATION INFORMATION efficiency of class-D vs linear operation Amplifier efficiency is defined as the ratio of output power delivered to the load to power drawn from the supply. In the efficiency equation below, PL is power across the load and PSUP is the supply power. Efficiency + h + P L P SUP A high-efficiency amplifier has a number of advantages over one with lower efficiency. One of these advantages is a lower power requirement for a given output, which translates into less waste heat that must be removed from the device, smaller power supply required, and increased battery life. Audio power amplifier systems have traditionally used linear amplifiers, which are well known for being inefficient. Class-D amplifiers were developed as a means to increase the efficiency of audio power amplifier systems. A linear amplifier is designed to act as a variable resistor network between the power supply and the load. The transistors operate in their linear region and voltage that is dropped across the transistors (in their role as variable resistors) is lost as heat, particularly in the output transistors. The output transistors of a class-D amplifier switch from full OFF to full ON (saturated) and then back again, spending very little time in the linear region in between. As a result, very little power is lost to heat because the transistors are not operated in their linear region. If the transistors have a low on-resistance, little voltage is dropped across them, further reducing losses. The ideal class-D amplifier is 100% efficient, which assumes that both the on-resistance (rDS(on)) and the switching times of the output transistors are zero. the ideal class-D amplifier To illustrate how the output transistors of a class-D amplifier operate, a half-bridge application is examined first (see Figure 4). VDD VOUT L CL RL IL IOUT + − VA M2 M1 C Figure 4. Half-Bridge Class-D Output Stage Figures 5 and 6 show the currents and voltages of the half-bridge circuit. When transistor M1 is on and M2 is off, the inductor current is approximately equal to the supply current. When M2 switches on and M1 switches off, the supply current drops to zero, but the inductor keeps the inductor current from dropping. The additional inductor current is flowing through M2 from ground. This means that VA (the voltage at the drain of M2, as shown in Figure 4) transitions between the supply voltage and slightly below ground. The inductor and capacitor form a low-pass filter, which makes the output current equal to the average of the inductor current. The low-pass filter averages VA, which makes VOUT equal to the supply voltage multiplied by the duty cycle. |
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