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MC908QL4CDTE Datasheet(PDF) 49 Page - Freescale Semiconductor, Inc |
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MC908QL4CDTE Datasheet(HTML) 49 Page - Freescale Semiconductor, Inc |
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49 / 226 page  Functional Description MC68HC908QL4 Data Sheet, Rev. 8 Freescale Semiconductor 49 3.3.4.4 Code Width and Quantization Error The ADC10 quantizes the ideal straight-line transfer function into 1024 steps (in 10-bit mode). Each step ideally has the same height (1 code) and width. The width is defined as the delta between the transition points from one code to the next. The ideal code width for an N bit converter (in this case N can be 8 or 10), defined as 1LSB, is: 1LSB = (VREFH–VREFL) / 2 N Because of this quantization, there is an inherent quantization error. Because the converter performs a conversion and then rounds to 8 or 10 bits, the code will transition when the voltage is at the midpoint between the points where the straight line transfer function is exactly represented by the actual transfer function. Therefore, the quantization error will be ± 1/2LSB in 8- or 10-bit mode. As a consequence, however, the code width of the first ($000) conversion is only 1/2LSB and the code width of the last ($FF or $3FF) is 1.5LSB. 3.3.4.5 Linearity Errors The ADC10 may also exhibit non-linearity of several forms. Every effort has been made to reduce these errors but the user should be aware of them because they affect overall accuracy. These errors are: • Zero-Scale Error (EZS) (sometimes called offset) — This error is defined as the difference between the actual code width of the first conversion and the ideal code width (1/2LSB). Note, if the first conversion is $001, then the difference between the actual $001 code width and its ideal (1LSB) is used. • Full-Scale Error (EFS) — This error is defined as the difference between the actual code width of the last conversion and the ideal code width (1.5LSB). Note, if the last conversion is $3FE, then the difference between the actual $3FE code width and its ideal (1LSB) is used. • Differential Non-Linearity (DNL) — This error is defined as the worst-case difference between the actual code width and the ideal code width for all conversions. • Integral Non-Linearity (INL) — This error is defined as the highest-value the (absolute value of the) running sum of DNL achieves. More simply, this is the worst-case difference of the actual transition voltage to a given code and its corresponding ideal transition voltage, for all codes. • Total Unadjusted Error (TUE) — This error is defined as the difference between the actual transfer function and the ideal straight-line transfer function, and therefore includes all forms of error. 3.3.4.6 Code Jitter, Non-Monotonicity and Missing Codes Analog-to-digital converters are susceptible to three special forms of error. These are code jitter, non-monotonicity, and missing codes. • Code jitter is when, at certain points, a given input voltage converts to one of two values when sampled repeatedly. Ideally, when the input voltage is infinitesimally smaller than the transition voltage, the converter yields the lower code (and vice-versa). However, even very small amounts of system noise can cause the converter to be indeterminate (between two codes) for a range of input voltages around the transition voltage. This range is normally around ±1/2 LSB but will increase with noise. • Non-monotonicity is defined as when, except for code jitter, the converter converts to a lower code for a higher input voltage. • Missing codes are those which are never converted for any input value. In 8-bit or 10-bit mode, the ADC10 is guaranteed to be monotonic and to have no missing codes. |
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