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AD534SE Datasheet(PDF) 6 Page - Analog Devices |
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AD534SE Datasheet(HTML) 6 Page - Analog Devices |
6 / 12 page AD534 –6– REV. B A much lower scaling voltage can be achieved without any re- duction of input signal range using a feedback attenuator as shown in Figure 4. In this example, the scale is such that VOUT = XY, so that the circuit can exhibit a maximum gain of 10. This connection results in a reduction of bandwidth to about 80 kHz without the peaking capacitor CF = 200 pF. In addition, the output offset voltage is increased by a factor of 10 making external adjustments necessary in some applications. Adjust- ment is made by connecting a 4.7 M Ω resistor between Z 1 and the slider of a pot connected across the supplies to provide ±300 mV of trim range at the output. X1 X2 Y1 Y2 Z1 Z2 AD534 X INPUT 10V FS 12V PK Y INPUT 10V FS 12V PK +15V OUT –VS +VS –15V OPTIONAL PEAKING CAPACITOR CF = 200pF 90k 10k SF OUTPUT , 12V PK = (X1 – X2) (Y1 – Y2) (SCALE = 1V) Figure 4. Connections for Scale-Factor of Unity Feedback attenuation also retains the capability for adding a signal to the output. Signals may be applied to the high imped- ance Z2 terminal where they are amplified by +10 or to the common ground connection where they are amplified by +1. Input signals may also be applied to the lower end of the 10 k Ω resistor, giving a gain of –9. Other values of feedback ratio, up to X100, can be used to combine multiplication with gain. Occasionally it may be desirable to convert the output to a cur- rent, into a load of unspecified impedance or dc level. For ex- ample, the function of multiplication is sometimes followed by integration; if the output is in the form of a current, a simple capacitor will provide the integration function. Figure 5 shows how this can be achieved. This method can also be applied in squaring, dividing and square rooting modes by appropriate choice of terminals. This technique is used in the voltage- controlled low-pass filter and the differential-input voltage-to- frequency converter shown in the Applications section. X1 X2 Y1 Y2 Z1 Z2 AD534 1 RS (X1 – X2) (Y1 – Y2) IOUT = 10V INTEGRATOR CAPACITOR (SEE TEXT) X INPUT 10V FS 12V PK Y INPUT 10V FS 12V PK OUT –VS +VS CURRENT-SENSING RESISTOR, RS, 2k MIN SF Figure 5. Conversion of Output to Current OPERATION AS A SQUARER Operation as a squarer is achieved in the same fashion as the multiplier except that the X and Y inputs are used in parallel. The differential inputs can be used to determine the output polarity (positive for X1 = Yl and X2 = Y2, negative if either one of the inputs is reversed). Accuracy in the squaring mode is typically a factor of 2 better than in the multiplying mode, the largest errors occurring with small values of output for input below 1 V. If the application depends on accurate operation for inputs that are always less than ±3 V, the use of a reduced value of SF is recommended as described in the Functional Description sec- tion (previous page). Alternatively, a feedback attenuator may be used to raise the output level. This is put to use in the differ- ence-of-squares application to compensate for the factor of 2 loss involved in generating the sum term (see Figure 8). The difference-of-squares function is also used as the basis for a novel rms-to-dc converter shown in Figure 15. The averaging filter is a true integrator, and the loop seeks to zero its input. For this to occur, (VIN) 2 – (V OUT) 2 = 0 (for signals whose period is well below the averaging time-constant). Hence VOUT is forced to equal the rms value of VIN. The absolute accuracy of this technique is very high; at medium frequencies, and for signals near full scale, it is determined almost entirely by the ratio of the resistors in the inverting amplifier. The multiplier scaling voltage affects only open loop gain. The data shown is typical of performance that can be achieved with an AD534K, but even using an AD534J, this technique can readily provide better than 1% accuracy over a wide frequency range, even for crest-factors in excess of 10. |
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